History of islam
history of islam
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Arab society before the Prophet
'Aiyame - Jahiliya'
Islamic law did not exist before the Prophet Muhammad , and the Arab-dwelling castes had no common law. They were divided into tribes . Each clan had a chief or chieftain , who was often elected on the basis of courage, knowledge and nobility . Each clan had its own personal law and fights were settled by the chieftain or sword . There used to be war among the tribes of Arabia. Idol worship was prevalent in Arabia , polygamy was practiced and Arab society was nomadic (homeless and itinerant).
There were two classes of people in Arabia - the first class was those who were desert nomads , and were known as the Beduins , the second class was the city dwellers who were mainly merchants and led a settled life. However, systematic legal administration did not exist in the society of any class.
In short, the social life of the Arabs was governed by the rules of their tribe and the fear, pressure and behavior of other tribes, there were often mutual wars between the tribes . Members of one clan used to kill members of another clan. If a man of a tribe was killed by a member of another tribe, the head of the other tribe asked the criminal to surrender, so that the sentence of murder could be given.
The murder of girls was also a common thing. Women were not granted legal rights and were treated as property just like animals. The behavior of men was also hardly human towards them. Regular marriages were unknown in that society. In the Arab society at that time, some such immoral relations were prevalent between men and women, which can not be given the status of marital relations in the real sense . Muta ( temporary marriage ) was practiced in the beginning of Islam, which was also tolerated by the Prophet Muhammad, but later the Prophet declared Muta forbidden.
Mehr was necessary for marriage but was given to the wife's father or brother or any of her guardians and not to the wife . The wife was not a free party to the contract of marriage. Girls used to be bought and sold and their guardians could marry them to any person without their consent and against their will.
Women were excluded (deprived) from the heir and even among the male heirs only the son, no other relative, however close, could inherit property. The Arabs were freedom-loving and at the same time courageous .
In such a disorderly society, Prophet Muhammad came as a social reformer and propagated Islam among the people.
The Muslim law was born out of the rise of Islam.
In this condition of Arabic society , Islam reformed and changed the body of the society. The Arabs themselves realized this change so much that they began to call the period before Muhammad Sahab's fame in this world " Aiyam-il-Jahiliya" i.e. " the period of ignorance ".
History of islam
The Prophet and the Rise of Islam
It is said that Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 AD . His father's name was Abdullah and mother's name was Amina . His father died before he was born and his mother also died at the age of six . After the death of her mother, her grandfather Abdul Mutalib took care of her . But after two years his paternal grandfather (grandfather) also died, after which he was brought up by his uncle Abu Talib .
Since childhood, Mohammad Saheb was a person of serious nature and used to spend most of his time in contemplation . After the age of twenty-five he began to spend most of his time in seclusion in a cave named ' Hira ' , where he engaged in prayer and contemplation, and at the age of forty he began to receive divine messages ( vahya ) or ( wahi ). That is, he became a prophet . From then on, he started preaching religiously among the people of his tribe.
Hazrat Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina (ie Hijrat)
In 622 AD , Muhammad Saheb moved from Mecca to Medina . The departure of Muhammad from Mecca is called "Hijrat" . The Muslim era ( Hijri Samvat ) started from 622 AD . People were greatly influenced by his teachings in Medina and the number of his followers increased day by day. Now thirteen years of disrespect, apparent failure and unfulfilled prophecy have ended and ten years of success have begun. Hijrat is a clear divisor in the story of Prophet's propagation of religion. Before Hijrat he was a preacher, but after that he was the ruler of a kingdom. Which became the kingdom of Arabia in ten years. The influence of the personality of Prophet Muhammad was so much on the Arabs that in a short time most of the Arabs converted to Islam . The Prophet died in AD 632 .
What is Islam ?
According to the Prophet Sahib, purity of speech and hospitality is Islam, patience and righteousness is religion or faith.
" Pleasure from good and sorrow from bad"
The realization of the oppressed is the sign of the oppressed and
" The act which injures one's own mind in doing that is a sin."
Islam and its significance
In the religious sense Islam means surrender to the will of Allah and in the absolute sense Islam means the establishment of peace. The word ' Salama ', from which the word ' Islam ' is derived, means to be patient, to be at rest, to perform one's duty, to pay off debts, to be completely unconcerned and to surrender oneself to the Supreme Friend . Islam means - Peace , Greeting , Protection and Salvation .
The Teaching of Islam
The teachings of the Quran make it clear that Islam has existed since the beginning of the world and will continue to exist until the Day of Judgment . Prophet Hazrat Mohammad Sahab considered religion to be a simple and natural law to be followed by man , in which there was no complication or ambiguity. In Islam there is a sense of fraternity of human beings . It is the belief of Islam that Allah has created all. He treats everyone equally. The communal feeling and other barriers arising out of human selfishness have been removed and are not considered justified on the basis of religion and the teaching of religion is against all forms of factionalism. Prophet Muhammad told the people that Excellence resides in action . Thus for a Muslim this great world is a great field for co-operation in the struggle to achieve the ultimate aim of life .
Islam is primarily a religion of duty . Human service and charity is the service and worship of Allah in particular .
Whoever does not show mercy to a person, Allah will not show mercy to him.
After the death of Hazrat Muhammad
After the death of Muhammad , there were many candidates for the caliphate ( caliphate ), due to which the public was divided into many conflicting parties . But in spite of this, the authorized people kept " Sunnah " and " Hadith " at hand and used them on questions related to both worldly and spiritual matters mentioned in the " Quran ". Although " Sunnah " and " Hadith " were not recorded till then, They were cited by him and with the passage of time they became evidence of judicial determination .
Although all Muslims regard the Qur'an as the word of Allah , scholars differ on the conflicting interpretations of its substance by different commentators, the principles of the rules of faith , and some ulema have argued for a particular hadith . Different doctrines and different sects arose because of the difference in acceptance or rejection of or because of a particular person being the Imam . The two major sects of Muslims are Shia and Sunni , each of which also has several There are sub-branches, which we will discuss in detail in our next post.
- " In spite of all these fantasies , there is no caste -discrimination among Muslims ."
caliphate
Prophet Mohammad Saheb died in 632 AD . He had no sons. After his death, the people of the Muslim community were divided into two groups over the question of the successor . One faction was led by Fatima , the daughter of the Prophet . This faction (called the Shia branch ) was of the opinion that the Prophet should be succeeded by someone from his family and that is why the son-in- law of the Prophet (Fatima's husband) and his cousins are entitled to the post of " Khalifa ". According to the second faction ( Sunni faction ) the successor of Muhammad ( Caliph )) should be elected by election. Majority of the Muslims were supporters of this faction . Abu Bakr , who was the father of Hazrat Aisha ( wife of Prophet Muhammad ) , became the first Caliph . But after two years he died in 634 AD , after that Umar was elected the second Caliph . He was assassinated in 644 AD . Thereafter Osman was elected as the third Caliph . He was also assassinated in 656 AD . then Ali , who was the husband of Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, became the Caliph . Ali was also assassinated in 661 and his place was taken by his son Hasan . Hassan resigned his post in favor of Muawiyah , an inappropriate official from Damascus , yet was assassinated . Ali 's supporters agree to have Hassan's brother Hussein rebel against Muawiyah's son Yazid , but is nonetheless martyred while fighting valiantly by treacherous men in the field of Karbala . Have become.
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