A Younger, More Active Sun May Have Kickstarted Life on Earth

A younger, more active Sun may have kickstarted life on Earth in Hindi 
 

A younger, more active Sun may have kickstarted life on Earth in Hindi 

In the late 1800s, scientists hypothesized that the origins of life began in a "warm little pond": a soup of chemicals, activated by electricity, heat, and other energy sources, that formed organic molecules in a concentrated amount. can get along  .

When these conditions were recreated in 1953 in a laboratory at the University of Chicago in the US, scientists were able to detect that 20 different amino acids had formed.

" From the basic components of early Earth  's atmosphere, you can synthesize these complex organic molecules," said Vladimir, a stellar astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and co-author of this new paper published in the   journal Life .  Ariapetian said  .   

70 years later, scientists now believe that ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) were much less abundant; Instead, Earth's air was filled with carbon dioxide (CO2) and molecular nitrogen (N2), which require more energy to break down. These gases can still generate amino acids, but in much smaller quantities.

In the search for alternative energy sources, using data from NASA 's Kepler mission, Arapatian turned to a new idea: energetic particles from our Sun.   

In 2016, Arapteion published a study suggesting that during Earth's first 100 million years, while the Sun was about 30% dimmer, solar "superflares" — as powerful as those seen every 100 years or so — occurred every 100 years. Eruptions - Erupts once every 3-10 days. 

These superflares launch particles at near-light speeds, regularly hitting our atmosphere and kickstarting chemical reactions.

So after it was published, Arapetion was contacted by the Yokohama National University team from Japan.

There Dr. Kobayashi, a chemistry professor, was trying to understand how galactic cosmic rays – particles from outside our solar system – could have affected Earth's early atmosphere.

To understand this, Arapatian, Kobayashi and their colleagues created a mixture of gases that closely matched Earth's early atmosphere as we understand it today.  

They spread carbon compounds, bacteria, water and a variable amount of methane, which is thought to be low in Earth's early atmosphere. They shot gas mixtures with (simulation of solar flares) or ignited them with spark work (simulation of lightning), mimicking the University of Chicago experiment for comparison.

They found that as long as the proportion of methane was greater than 0.5%, the (solar fraction) produced a fair amount of tracer acid and carboxylic acid, identifying the compounds left behind by the mixture.

But seeing the spark (lightning) requires about 15% methane gravity before the acid is formed anyway.

"And even at 15% methane, the rate of production of amino acids from electricity is a million times lower than that of protons," Arapetyan said. Protons also produce more carboxylic acids (a precursor of amino acids) than those ignited by the spark discharge.

These experiments suggested that we in the active young Sun could catalyze precursors of life more easily, and perhaps faster, than previously thought.