Meaning, definition, characteristics, types/classification of Legitimacy
Meaning, definition, characteristics, types/classification of Legitimacy in English
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| Meaning, definition, characteristics, types/classification of propriety. Meaning, definition, characteristics, types/classification of Legitimacy |
Meaning of propriety
Justification is the Hindi adaptation of the English word 'Legitimacy'. The word is derived from the Latin word Legitimus. Legitimus means legal or legal in Latin. Max Weber called justification a belief-based concept. In the political system, the belief in the policies, activities, structures etc. of the ruling class is called justification, it is the practical power to keep the governance functioning. Legitimacy is also a concept related to influence, power and authority. It is vital to democratic governance systems. Appropriateness is the only thing that gives stability to the political system. David Easton has considered it as a psychological concept rather than a moral concept. At present, the meaning of propriety is taken from the necessity of justice or human feeling.
Today, propriety is measured as an idea rule that gives a particular person or group the right to exercise political and other power on the condition that that power is recognized or accepted by the public.
Definition of propriety
Justification has been defined by some scholars in the following way-
According to Stern Berger, "Justification is the foundation of governing power. On the one hand, it reminds the government that it has the right to rule and on the other hand, it makes the public recognize that right."
According to Max Weber, "Justification is based on belief and elicits compliance."
According to Coon Etfried, “propriety means the acceptance of an agreement between the rulers and the ruled. It is an agreement of the people under which they accept to obey the orders of the government and pay taxes in exchange for living and staying out of prison.” Are."
According to Lipset, “Justification is the capacity of the political system to create confidence in the people by virtue of which a feeling is created in the people that the established political institutions are fully adequate for the social welfare.”
According to Jean Forcedale, "The extent to which individuals naturally accept without questioning the concerned organization is meant by appropriateness. The wider the area of consent or acceptance, the greater the appropriateness of that organization."
In this way, it is clear from the above definitions that there is such a quality of justified political system that determines the undertakings of the government structure and thus the capacity of the system, justifiedness is such an element that connects power and authority. Without propriety, there cannot be stability in power and authority.
The public support or consent that is behind political power and authority is called propriety. Lack of public consensus behind political power and authority causes political instability. That's why every government wants to keep its actions justified. Therefore, without justification, authority and power are always questionable.
development of the concept of propriety
The concept of justification is first found in Plato's theory of justice. Plato said that the basis of every government should be moral values and beliefs. Later, Aristotle portrayed it as constitutional government. In the medieval period, this concept was used to differentiate between a tyrant and a just ruler. Marsilio of Padua gave a constitutional interpretation of the term, later John Locke nurtured this idea in his theory of public consent, Max Weber first used it as a universal concept in the modern era. Weber suggested that justification is based on faith. takes place and gets its compliance. He also discussed extensively on the grounds of justification. After that Karl Schmidt and Guglielmo Farrow also considered the problem of justification. He did not consider unanimity as an essential element of justification. Farrow majority, Told the anti-minority party as the basis of justification. In the present era, rationality is considered to be the basis of democratic beliefs.
MM Lipset has said that, "The stability of a democratic system in a particular country depends not only on economic development, but also on the reasonableness of the political system there." Robert Dohl and Rowe have also considered the reasonableness important. As the concept of justification has become very popular from Plato to modern times, today it is closely related to the concepts of power, authority and influence.
Characteristics of propriety
Legitimacy is not a physical thing which can have different determinants, but it is a concept which is considered to have some essential characteristics of its own. Its characteristics may not be the same in each country, but it depends on the mental level, political beliefs and habits of the people of each country. The following characteristics of propriety are evident from the various definitions of propriety-
1. Reasonableness brings stability to the system
Reasonability is necessary to bring stability in any system. The stability of any system comes only when the people have faith in that system and in the ability and justification to generate faith.
2. Dependence on values of propriety
The justification of a system depends on the values and beliefs of the people living there, the same system gets justification which is compatible with the values of the people.
3. Reasonableness reduces the use of power
The use of power decreases when there is propriety in governance, because the government does not have to follow the policy of repression to get its orders obeyed, rather the public voluntarily follows the policies.
4. CONSENT AND ACCEPTANCE BASIS OF REASONABILITY
The basis of justification is the acceptance and consent of the people. The system with which people will agree, only then that system gets justification. There can be no justification without consent and acceptance.
5. Reasonableness lies in the ability to inspire confidence
An important feature of legitimacy is that it has the ability to create trust and it is because of this trust that the public accepts and supports the authority of the political system.
According to Lipset , "Justification believes in the ability to produce belief."
6. Propriety means of turning power into power
This is an important feature of justification. Where there is only power, there is no power and when power takes on the garb of propriety, then power turns into power. When propriety comes, the ruler attains propriety to rule. It is necessary that the relation of power should be according to the point of view of the people and that is why it is said that proper power is power.
7. Justification has the ability to instill confidence in the moral goodness of a political system
One of the properties of propriety is that it has the ability to create a belief among people that the structure, policies, decisions and actions of the government are for the moral good and material good of the people.
8. Determines the effectiveness of the political system
Every political system needs it. If a government is not justified, it is not more effective, but a government with legitimacy is more effective. That's why dictators also try to justify their rule.
8. Rationality has the ability to instill confidence in the usefulness of a political system
Rationality has the ability to create public confidence in the usefulness of a political system, so that the common person feels that political institutions are more beneficial.
The government gets the legitimacy of the people. The government is supposed to fulfill the aspirations of the people and is considered legitimate. Legitimacy does not remain permanent in a totalitarian system because the public does not fully support the system imposed by the ruler. Anyway, it does not have much public confidence in the qualities and actions of the ruler (in totalitarian system).
7. Ideology is also a source of legitimacy in the present industrial, scientific and intellectual society. Ideology gives justification to those moral and political values and standards on the basis of which the legitimacy of a political system is obtained. In the present era, various political systems get legitimacy on the basis of liberal, nationalist and socialist ideologies.
importance of propriety
A lot of power is needed to run a political system smoothly. But unrestricted use of power can lead to mass revolution. Due to this, the public loses faith in the governance system. So to justify power is converted into power through justification. Once justification is attained, both power and authority acquire the quality of permanence. Justification also converts influence into power. To achieve legitimacy in developing countries, the ruling class has to be justified more and more. Reasonability is the basis of democracy. It is justification that binds the minority and the majority. In a democracy, all political parties try to justify their actions and policies. Rationality is the basic cultural value-structure of the social system. justification today Means- who gets it, when, why and how? Free and regular elections, consent, proper representation, adult franchise, etc. are important indicators of fairness. Without propriety, neither the trust of the public can be won nor the governance system can be successful. Therefore, propriety plays an important role in dynamizing and providing stability to power and authority. For this reason, it has become an important concept of political science in modern times. Fair representation, adult franchise, etc. are important indicators of fairness. Without propriety, neither the trust of the public can be won nor the governance system can be successful. Therefore, propriety plays an important role in dynamizing and providing stability to power and authority. For this reason, it has become an important concept of political science in modern times. Fair representation, adult franchise, etc. are important indicators of fairness. Without propriety, neither the trust of the public can be won nor the governance system can be successful. Therefore, propriety plays an important role in dynamizing and providing stability to power and authority. For this reason, it has become an important concept of political science in modern times.
Max Weber has described three types of justification which are as follows-
1. Charismatic justification
In any political system, the attractive personality of folk heroes has played an important role. When the public obeys the commands of a ruling person because of his attractive and influential person, his works, his ability, then it is called charismatic propriety. Like Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln etc.
2. Conventional justification
Traditions, customs and practices have an important place in traditional propriety, the ruler's orders are obeyed by the people on this basis, that is, the basis of political power is customs, customs and traditions.
3. Legal-intellectual justification
Legal-intellectual propriety refers to the situation in which the public political system or the ruling persons follow the orders of the officers and officials on the basis of their legal intellectual capacity. The basis of legal intellectual justification is the constitution.
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