Internet

What is Internet ?

History Of Internet ?

What is Internet ? | History of Internet ? www.Uniexpro.in

What is Internet ?

The Internet is based on a layered, end-to-end model that allows people at each level of the network to innovate free of any central control.

By placing intelligence at the edges rather than control in the middle of the network, the Internet has created a platform for innovation.

Who is the father of Internet ?

Vinton Cerf Widely known as a "Father of the Internet," co-designer of TCP/IP protocols and basic architecture of the Internet.

The Internet

Guess how is it possible to see the latest news, cricket, talk to our friend, check availability of railway reservation, timings or status of a particular flight, send or receive mails/messages as and when we wish to. Yes, it is possible through the Internet, where all this happens like magic on few clicks of the mouse. Millions of people across the globe are able to communicate and interact with each other through the Internet. All we need for this is an Internet connection on any computing device like Desktop, Palmtop, Laptop, Mobile Phone, etc.

Applications of the Internet have covered almost every field – be it education, research, entertainment, communication, science, commerce, shopping, advertising and many more.

The Internet is possible because of the ability to interact and share information between the computers connected through a network. The Internet is often called the Network of Networks which enables us to interact and communicate with each other.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

The Internet was not developed within a period of a few days or a few months. Rather, it is the result of a long and aggressive research which took many years.

In 1969, the American Department of Defense (DOD) started a network of devices called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Administration Network) with one computer in California and three in Utah. In September 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), the University of California, Santa Barbara (USCB) and the University of Utah were connected by a network that was called the ARPANET. As the use of the network gradually increased, other universities, research organisations, and private and commercial organisations also started using this technology.

The Internet, often referred to as the ‘Net’, consists of a complex network of computers connected by high-speed communication technologies like satellites, microwave devices, etc. It allows easy and quick access to a huge amount of information/resources stored at many different locations around the world. The actual term “Internet” was finally coined in 1995 by the FNC (Federal Networking Council, USA)

HOW THE INTERNET FUNCTIONS?

A corporate network may have its computers connected through a local area network, governed by certain rules. Further, this network may be connected with other networks. But, if different networks are governed by different rules, will they be able to communicate with one another?

Imagine a group of people having one Tamilian, one Bengali, one Himachali, one Mizo and one from Maharashtra trying to communicate with each other in their own native languages, failing to understand what the other person is trying to say. Therefore, to communicate with each other, some common standard must be followed.

Functioning of the Internet is not controlled by any one particular organisation. It is managed by a group of voluntary organisations. These voluntary organisations have formed the Internet Society. They decide on the rules, known as protocols, for communication over the Internet.

The different networks may have their own rules that they follow internally, but when they communicate with each other, they must follow some common rules. It’s like we speaking our mother tongue at home, but while communicating in a mixed group, we use a common language, mainly, Hindi or English.

HOW TO WORK WITH THE INTERNET?

In order to work with the Internet we need to know certain related terms like www, web browsers, web pages, websites, etc. We should know how to get connected to the Internet. Once connected – how to use it.

Most of the terms on the Internet are prefixed with the term web.

The electronic pages seen on the Internet are known as web pages. A web page can be defined as the document that we see on the Internet.

Many web pages linked with each other combine to form a website. A web page can be written in the language known as HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).

What is HTML ?

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is a very simple language having a number of options to represent text. Many other scripting languages have now been developed which can be embedded into HTML, giving it the power to interact with the users. These dynamic web pages can take inputs from users and give information accordingly – taking in the location of the user before displaying the weather forecast. For example, a protocol called Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to transmit and receive the web pages.

What is WEB BROWSERS ?

The web is a collection of a huge amount of information. Every single web page consists of some information and also a number of links, which connects us to other related web pages. To visit the linked web pages, just click over the linked text and the next web page opens up.

Just like a word processing application is needed to open a word processor document, an application is needed to view an HTML document. To view a web page we need special software called web browser. Mosaic was the first web browser developed by National Centre for Supercomputing Application (NCSA). This browser didn’t have any special features like present day web browsers. It was not possible to view pictures or use any present day font formatting features in the web pages. Initially, the browsers were designed to show plain text, without any formatting.

With the increasing use, the need to incorporate additional features like text formatting, viewing images, playing sound, etc. was felt. Most modern day browsers incorporate all these features. Some other commonly used browsers are Netscape Navigator, Mozilla FireFox, Opera, Safari, MSIE (Microsoft Internet Explorer), etc. Almost all of these support a common set of rules of the language.

Web Browsers Mozilla Firefox is an open source web browser which is available free of cost and can be easily downloaded from the Internet. Open source software does not require any license fee.

What is WWW (WORLD WIDE WEB) ?

One Internet application that is currently drawing a lot of attention is the World Wide Web (WWW), also known as W3. WWW is a hypermedia based software technology allowing consolidation of hypertext, graphics, audio, video and multimedia to provide information on almost each and every topic/subject/area.

WWW was started in 1989 at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research). The motivation was the need to interact with each other by the group of researchers at far off places. This demand for interaction and communication led to the rapid growth in this area of communication.

Any website located on the Internet has an address associated with it indicating the location of the website. Every page has an address associated with it. This address is known as the URL.

What is URL (UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR) ?

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. Every web page that is displayed on the Internet has a specific address associated with it.

This address is known as the URL. It tells us the location of the web page being displayed and other related information.

As the postal address is required to reach a letter to a person staying anywhere on earth, a unique location (address) of a web element which may be a website or a web page is required in the World Wide Web to view it in the browser. This unique address of the web elements is referred to as a URL. The URL consists of four basic parts, namely, server type, hostname, folder name and the filename.

Each one of these has a specific function. The “server type” indicates the type of Internet server (Protocol) being accessed. The server type is always followed by “://” and the host name. The host name is the Internet address of a remote computer on which the files reside. The folder name indicates the name of the directory in which the files are located. The filename specifies the name of the specific document to be displayed in the browser. The filename itself consists of two pieces of information, the name of the file to be displayed and the file extension, which specifies the file type (.htm for HTML file, .txt for a text file, .bmp for a bitmap image, etc.) The structure of a URL can be represented as follows:

Server type://Hostname/directory/sub-directory/.../filename

Example :- https://www.uniexpro.in/search/label/Science