What is NATO? 

What do you understand by NATO? Describe in detail. 

What is the full name of NATO?

What is Nato in English ? 

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

The ' North Atlantic Treaty Organization ' ( NATO ) was established in 1949 to save Western Europe from Soviet expansion and communist influence by capitalist nations in the name of independence . For this the capital of the United States of America, Washington DC. On April 4 , 1949, the foreign ministers of 12 countries — Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States — formed the North Atlantic Alliance . To establish the 'North Atlantic Treaty' was signed. This treaty came into force on August 24, 1949 . The 'North Atlantic Treaty Organization' included Greece and Turkey in 1952 , Federal German Republic in 1955 ( then West Germany now United Germany), Spain in 1982 , three states of Eastern Europe - Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland in 1999 . Happened. In 2004 , seven more Eastern European states— Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia —joined, bringing its total membership to 26 . It is noteworthy that thisNATO 's biggest expansion ever. Russia has also expressed concern about this expansion of 'NATO' towards Eastern Europe . In 2009 , with the addition of two more new states , Albania and Croatia , its total membership increased from 26 to 28 .

NATO members in blue 

NATO members

Member Countries—Entry Year 

1. Belgium—1949 

2. Portugal—1949 

3. Denmark—1949 

4. France—1949 

5. Iceland—1949 

6. Italy—1949 

7. Luxembourg—1949 

8. Netherlands—1949 

9. Norway—1949 

10. Canada—1949 

11. United Kingdom—1949 

12. NO. America—1949 13. Greece—1952 14. Turkey—1952 

15. Germany—1955 

16. Spain—1982 

17. Czech Republic—1999 18. Hungary—1999 

19. Poland—1999 

20. Bulgaria—2004

21. Estonia—2004 

22. Latvia—2004 

23. Lithuania—2004

24. Romania—2004 

25. Slovakia—2004 

26. Slovenia—2004 

27. Albania—2009 

28. Croatia—2009

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

major parts of NATO  

1. North Atlantic Council (NAC) 

 It is the apex policy body of the organisation. It consists of permanent representatives of all 28 member states. It usually meets once a week. It also has high level meetings in the form of foreign ministers and heads of government. It is the supreme body responsible for the fulfillment of the goals of the alliance, which forms associate units, committees. Its chairman is called the 'Secretary General'. 2. Sainik Committee: This committee is under the council. This committee makes recommendations on military matters to the Council and the 'Defense Planning Committee' and gives directions to the coalition's military commanders. In this, the military officers of the member countries meet permanently as representatives, But the military chiefs of the member countries meet once in two years. After the end of the Warsaw Pact in 1991 and improving its relations with Russia, NATO has radically changed its structures and policies to meet the security challenges in Europe. The main reason for this change in its role was to build closer protective relations with Central and Eastern European countries and states that broke away from the former Soviet Union through the 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council' (NACC). The 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council' was established in December 1991 as a core part of NATO's new policy approach. In 1997 the 'Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council' (EAPC) replaced the 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council'. The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council seeks to bring NATO member states and partner countries closer. ) replaced the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council seeks to bring NATO member states and partner countries closer. ) replaced the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council seeks to bring NATO member states and partner countries closer. ) to build closer protective relations with Central and Eastern European countries and states that broke away from the former Soviet Union. The 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council' was established in December 1991 as a core part of NATO's new policy approach. In 1997 the 'Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council' (EAPC) replaced the 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council'. The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council seeks to bring NATO member states and partner countries closer. ) to build closer protective relations with Central and Eastern European countries and states that broke away from the former Soviet Union. The 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council' was established in December 1991 as a core part of NATO's new policy approach. In 1997 the 'Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council' (EAPC) replaced the 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council'. The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council seeks to bring NATO member states and partner countries closer. ) replaced the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council seeks to bring NATO member states and partner countries closer. ) replaced the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council seeks to bring NATO member states and partner countries closer.

NATO Treaty: 

Preface at a Glance:

"The organization shall establish unity in the pursuit of the common interests of the member states and the collective security of the member states." 

• Article-1: Related to the peaceful settlement of disputes. 

• Article-2: relating to economic and political cooperation among member states. 

• Article-3: Related to the development of the capability of NATO's security apparatus. 

• Article-4: Relating to common consultations when a member state is threatened. 

• Article-5: Relating to mutually shared efforts for collective self-defense and the use of armed forces of member states. 

• Article 6: Relating to the delineation of the sphere of influence of the treaty. 

• Article 7: 'U.N. Relating to the prioritization of pledges of member states under the 'Charter'. 

• Article 8: relating to safeguards to prevent conflict between signatory states acceding to any other treaty. 

• Article 9: Regarding the creation of a council to oversee the implementation of the treaty. 

• Article 10: Related to the participation of other nations in the treaty. 

• Article 11: relating to the process of ratification of the treaty. 

• Article 12: Relating to the rescheduling of the treaty. 

• Article 13: Relating to withdrawal of membership. 

• Article 14: The original copy of the treaty related to the preservation of the library in the United States. From 24 to 26 April 1999, 19 ceremonial members as well as 23 other nations participated in Washington to celebrate the 50th anniversary of NATO. A resolution related to the 'New Strategic Concept' was passed in this conference. Based on the 'New Strategic Concept', NATO can now wage war anywhere in the world. NATO under an important decision

In September 2001, for the first time, used Section / Article 5 of its Charter. This section is related to collective security and under this, all member countries have the right to collectively take action against the 'aggressor' when any one country is attacked. After the terrorist attacks on the United States of America on September 11, 2001, NATO took action against the aggressor (Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden and the Taliban regime) under Section 5 of its charter in September 2001. At present, the 'NATO Army' is engaged in the work of peacekeeping in Afghanistan and Iraq. 

NATO-Russia Council–NRC 

A new and historic turning point in Russia's political, economic and military relations with the United States, the European Union and NATO came in May 2002, when a formal agreement to establish a NATO-Russia Council was signed in Rome on 28 May 2002. . Under this alliance, Russia agreed to cooperate with the US-dominated military organization 'NATO' on various issues. With this, both sides have ushered in a new era of partnership in place of mutually confrontational relations. While in this newly formed council, Russia's role with NATO will be greater than before, but it will not be unlimited. Russia was given equal rights in taking common decisions on important issues like terrorism, nuclear-proliferation and military-reform. 

Other major military treaty organizations other than NATO 

• SEATO 

Like NATO, SEATO was born out of the fear of communism. During the Cold War, a conference was held in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, from September 6 to 8, 1954 to prevent the expansion of communist China into Southeast Asia. During the conference on September 8, 1954, Thailand, the United States, Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines and Pakistan signed a treaty with the aim of collective security of South-East Asia, known as the 'South-East Asia Treaty Organization'. ' (SEATO) is called. CITO was disbanded in 1977. Its headquarter was in Bangkok (Thailand). 

• Cento : 

Like NATO and SEATO, CENTO was also formed by the Western powers as an anti-Soviet pact. In 1955, due to the efforts of America, an agreement was reached in the Iraqi capital Baghdad regarding security between Turkey and Iraq, under which the 'Central Treaty Organization' (CENTO) was formed. It is also known as 'Baghdad Pact'. Later Britain, Pakistan and Iran also joined it. In 1979, Santo was disbanded. Its headquarter was in Ankara (Turkey). 

• 'Warsaw Pact' :

 The Western powers created a situation of encirclement around the Soviet Union by NATO, SEATO and CENTO. Therefore, it became natural that the Soviet Union would also respond to military organizations through military organisations. As a result, a conference of communist countries led by the Soviet Union was held from 11 to 14 May 1955 in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. The Soviet Union and 7 countries of Eastern Europe – Bulgaria, Albania, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania participated in this conference. On May 14, 1955, all the participating countries signed a treaty of mutual cooperation, called the 'East Europe Security Pact'. It is also known as 'Warsaw Pact'. The 'Warsaw Pact' ended on 1 July 1991 with the process of ending the Cold War. 

NATO: Important Facts

• NATO was established by capitalist nations to save Western Europe from Soviet expansion and communist influence. It was established on April 4, 1949. 

• In 2009, two new members Albania and Croatia joined NATO. 

• The total number of NATO members as of 2009 was 28. 

• Except for the two member states of NATO (the United States and Canada), all other members are from Europe.

• More than half of NATO members are also members of the European Union (EU). 

• NATO treaty has 14 articles including preamble. 

• The first Secretary General of NATO was Lord Ismay. 

• Apart from NATO, other major military organizations were – SEATO, CENTO and Warsaw Pact. 

• Three member countries of NATO-USA, UK and France were also members of 'SITO'. 

• Two members of NATO -Britain and Turkey were also members of 'CENTO' (CENTO). 

• NATO has two major organs—first, the North Atlantic Council (NAC), second, the Military Committee. The North Atlantic Council is the supreme policy body of NATO, consisting of permanent representatives of all member states. The Sainik Samiti is under the Council. 

• The North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) was established in December 1991 as a core part of NATO's new policy approach. 

• In 1997, the 'Euro Atlantic Partnership Council' (EAPC) replaced the 'North Atlantic Cooperation Council' (NACC). 

• In April 1999, Washington D.C. (United States of America) celebrated the 50th anniversary of 'NATO'. 

• During the Paraguay conference of NATO in November 2002, the 'Individual Partnership Action Plan' (IPAP) was adopted. 

• A formal agreement for the formation of the 'NATO-Russia Council' was signed in Rome (Italy) on 28 May 2002. 

• In March 2004, Pakistan was given the status of 'Major Non-Nato Ally.—MNNA) nation' by the US. 

• At present, the 'NATO' army is engaged in the work of peacekeeping in Afghanistan and Iraq. 

• As of August 1, 2009, Anders Fogg Rasmussen (Denmark) is the new Secretary General of NATO. NATO is headquartered in Brussels (Belgium).